KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a tripeptide studied in cell systems and mouse colitis models, where the cited work examined transporter-mediated uptake and inflammatory signalling.

Insufficient evidence. Review the research and limitations before relying on this record.

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It lacks the entire sequence motif required to bind any known melanocortin receptor, yet retains much of the anti-inflammatory activity of the parent hormone - in melanocortin-1-receptor-deficient mice it still rescued animals from lethal DSS colitis. Reported activity centres on suppression of NF-kB activation and adhesion-molecule expression. Uptake into intestinal epithelial cells is mediated by the PepT1 di/tripeptide transporter, which is the basis for the oral and colon-targeted formulations.

No pharmacokinetic data is available in the indexed literature for any route: PepT1-mediated uptake has been demonstrated in cell and mouse systems, but no absorption, distribution or elimination profile has been measured in people. Oral, topical and injected preparations therefore have no exposure data.

No human trials have been identified. All efficacy evidence comes from mouse colitis models and cultured cells; the nanoparticle-delivery work that is frequently cited is in-vitro biocompatibility testing in intestinal cell lines.

No human safety data exists. KPV was added to FDA's Category 2 interim compounding list in September 2023 as a substance that may present significant safety risks, a categorisation FDA describes as interim and not a final determination. No regulator has approved this substance for the use described here, so there is no label-verified dose, purity standard, or safety monitoring requirement behind it.

The cited work is preclinical and does not establish clinical efficacy, safety, interactions, half-life, protocol, or dosing for a marketed KPV product.