Liraglutide
Metabolic
ABOUT
Liraglutide is a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist. It is FDA-approved as Victoza for type 2 diabetes and as Saxenda for chronic weight management, with separate labelling and dose ranges for each.
EVIDENCE OVERVIEW
Supported by controlled human trials
WHAT THIS MEANS
Established. Review the research and limitations before relying on this record.
IDENTITY
HALF-LIFE
HOW IT IS THOUGHT TO WORK
An acylated analogue of human GLP-1 with 97% sequence homology, carrying a C16 palmitic acid attached via a glutamic acid spacer. That acylation drives albumin binding and self-association, slowing absorption and degradation. It increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying and reduces appetite.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Half-life approximately 13 hours after subcutaneous injection, giving once-daily dosing. Absolute bioavailability is about 55%. Metabolised endogenously like a large protein without a single organ as the major route of elimination.
REVIEW
PUBLISHED PAIR RECORDS
with Semaglutide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Semaglutide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. Both members of this pair are approved prescription products carrying that labelling. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Tirzepatide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Tirzepatide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. Both members of this pair are approved prescription products carrying that labelling. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Retatrutide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Retatrutide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. One member of this pair is an approved prescription product carrying that labelling; the other is investigational, so its combination data are incomplete. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Survodutide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Survodutide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. One member of this pair is an approved prescription product carrying that labelling; the other is investigational, so its combination data are incomplete. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Mazdutide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Mazdutide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. One member of this pair is an approved prescription product carrying that labelling; the other is investigational, so its combination data are incomplete. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Cagrilintide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Cagrilintide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. One member of this pair is an approved prescription product carrying that labelling; the other is investigational, so its combination data are incomplete. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Native GIP
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Native GIP both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. One member of this pair is an approved prescription product carrying that labelling; the other is investigational, so its combination data are incomplete. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Exenatide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Exenatide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. Both members of this pair are approved prescription products carrying that labelling. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Dulaglutide
Overlapping incretin-pathway activityLiraglutide and Dulaglutide both act on incretin or amylin-family receptor pathways involved in glycaemic control, appetite and gastric emptying. Approved GLP-1 product labelling states that coadministration with another GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended, that these agents delay gastric emptying and may affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines, and that combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue increases hypoglycaemia risk. Both members of this pair are approved prescription products carrying that labelling. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Pramlintide
Labelled caution: two agents that slow gastric emptyingPramlintide labelling states that it slows gastric emptying, that it is not recommended for patients taking other drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, and that concomitant oral medicines whose effect depends on a threshold concentration should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after injection. Liraglutide carries its own labelled statement that it delays gastric emptying and may affect the absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines. This is therefore not an inference from shared mechanism - each product's own labelling describes the effect the other also produces. Pramlintide additionally carries a boxed warning for severe hypoglycaemia when used with insulin, and GLP-1 labelling records increased hypoglycaemia risk in combination with insulin or an insulin secretagogue. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with MK-677
Opposing effects on glucose regulationMK-677 raises growth-hormone exposure, and growth hormone is a counter-regulatory hormone: controlled human studies show GH administration impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and deteriorates glucose tolerance through increased lipolysis, with chronic GH excess producing insulin resistance. Liraglutide acts in the opposite direction on glycaemic control. MK-677 is also orally dosed, and the labelling for this metabolic class records delayed gastric emptying with potential effects on the absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines. The combined effect on blood glucose is not predictable from either agent alone and warrants monitoring rather than assumption. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Tesamorelin
Opposing effects on glucose regulationTesamorelin raises growth-hormone exposure, and growth hormone is a counter-regulatory hormone: controlled human studies show GH administration impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and deteriorates glucose tolerance through increased lipolysis, with chronic GH excess producing insulin resistance. Liraglutide acts in the opposite direction on glycaemic control. The combined effect on blood glucose is not predictable from either agent alone and warrants monitoring rather than assumption. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with CJC-1295 with DAC
Opposing effects on glucose regulationCJC-1295 with DAC raises growth-hormone exposure, and growth hormone is a counter-regulatory hormone: controlled human studies show GH administration impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and deteriorates glucose tolerance through increased lipolysis, with chronic GH excess producing insulin resistance. Liraglutide acts in the opposite direction on glycaemic control. The combined effect on blood glucose is not predictable from either agent alone and warrants monitoring rather than assumption. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Sermorelin
Opposing effects on glucose regulationSermorelin raises growth-hormone exposure, and growth hormone is a counter-regulatory hormone: controlled human studies show GH administration impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and deteriorates glucose tolerance through increased lipolysis, with chronic GH excess producing insulin resistance. Liraglutide acts in the opposite direction on glycaemic control. The combined effect on blood glucose is not predictable from either agent alone and warrants monitoring rather than assumption. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Ipamorelin
Opposing effects on glucose regulationIpamorelin raises growth-hormone exposure, and growth hormone is a counter-regulatory hormone: controlled human studies show GH administration impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and deteriorates glucose tolerance through increased lipolysis, with chronic GH excess producing insulin resistance. Liraglutide acts in the opposite direction on glycaemic control. The combined effect on blood glucose is not predictable from either agent alone and warrants monitoring rather than assumption. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with PT-141
Additive delay of gastric emptyingBremelanotide (PT-141) labelling states that it slows gastric emptying and may reduce the rate and extent of absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines - patients are advised to avoid it alongside oral drugs that depend on threshold concentrations, and to avoid oral naltrexone products entirely because exposure is significantly decreased. Liraglutide carries the same labelled gastric-emptying caution. Scheduling the two together therefore stacks two agents that independently delay gastric emptying, which matters most for any oral medicine taken in the same window. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Teduglutide
Opposing effects on intestinal absorptionTeduglutide is a GLP-2 analogue that increases villus height and crypt depth, enlarging absorptive surface area; its labelling records a potential for increased absorption of concomitant oral medicines and advises monitoring where a drug is titrated or has a narrow therapeutic index, since the oral drug may need its dose reduced. Liraglutide works in the opposite direction on the same variable - incretin-pathway labelling and pharmacology describe delayed gastric emptying, which slows the rate at which an oral medicine reaches the small intestine. One agent is enlarging the absorptive surface while the other is changing the timing of delivery to it, so the net effect on any co-administered oral medicine is not predictable from either alone. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with Larazotide acetate
Delayed gastric emptying may alter delivery of an enteric-coated oralLiraglutide labelling states that it delays gastric emptying and may affect the rate and extent of absorption of concomitantly administered oral medicines. Larazotide acetate is given as an enteric-coated oral capsule designed to release in the small intestine, acts locally on tight junctions there, and is minimally absorbed systemically - so what matters for it is where and when the capsule arrives, not a plasma concentration. Changing gastric emptying changes that delivery. Larazotide's own confirmatory phase 3 trial was stopped at interim analysis for futility, so there is no established effect size for it to lose in the first place; the interaction concern is about delivery, not about diminishing a proven benefit. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 21 Aug 2026with CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin blend
Inherited from a component of this blendCJC-1295 / Ipamorelin blend contains Ipamorelin, and the catalogue holds a curated pair record between that component and Liraglutide: Ipamorelin (opposing effects on glucose regulation). Taking the blend therefore carries the same consideration as taking that component on its own, with the difference that a fixed-ratio vial cannot be adjusted independently of the rest of its contents. The evidence and citations here are the component record's; nothing has been studied about the blend itself. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 25 Aug 2026with CJC-1295 with DAC / Ipamorelin blend
Inherited from a component of this blendCJC-1295 with DAC / Ipamorelin blend contains CJC-1295 with DAC and Ipamorelin, and the catalogue holds a curated pair record between those components and Liraglutide: CJC-1295 with DAC (opposing effects on glucose regulation); Ipamorelin (opposing effects on glucose regulation). Taking the blend therefore carries the same consideration as taking that component on its own, with the difference that a fixed-ratio vial cannot be adjusted independently of the rest of its contents. The evidence and citations here are the component record's; nothing has been studied about the blend itself. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 25 Aug 2026with Sermorelin / Ipamorelin blend
Inherited from a component of this blendSermorelin / Ipamorelin blend contains Sermorelin and Ipamorelin, and the catalogue holds a curated pair record between those components and Liraglutide: Sermorelin (opposing effects on glucose regulation); Ipamorelin (opposing effects on glucose regulation). Taking the blend therefore carries the same consideration as taking that component on its own, with the difference that a fixed-ratio vial cannot be adjusted independently of the rest of its contents. The evidence and citations here are the component record's; nothing has been studied about the blend itself. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 25 Aug 2026with Kyinsu
Inherited from a component of this blendKyinsu contains Semaglutide, and the catalogue holds a curated pair record between that component and Liraglutide: Semaglutide (overlapping incretin-pathway activity). Taking the blend therefore carries the same consideration as taking that component on its own, with the difference that a fixed-ratio vial cannot be adjusted independently of the rest of its contents. The evidence and citations here are the component record's; nothing has been studied about the blend itself. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 25 Aug 2026with CagriSema
Inherited from a component of this blendCagriSema contains Semaglutide and Cagrilintide, and the catalogue holds a curated pair record between those components and Liraglutide: Semaglutide (overlapping incretin-pathway activity); Cagrilintide (overlapping incretin-pathway activity). Taking the blend therefore carries the same consideration as taking that component on its own, with the difference that a fixed-ratio vial cannot be adjusted independently of the rest of its contents. The evidence and citations here are the component record's; nothing has been studied about the blend itself. Peppy reports curated pharmacology, not a safety verdict. A prescriber or pharmacist should review any intended combination.
Reviewed 25 Aug 2026HUMAN EVIDENCE
The SCALE programme established mean weight loss of roughly 8% at 56 weeks against placebo for Saxenda 3.0 mg. LEADER, a cardiovascular outcomes trial in 9,340 people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, showed a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. Liraglutide is the shorter-acting predecessor to semaglutide and produces less weight loss in head-to-head comparison.
REPORTED EFFECTS
Boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumours based on rodent findings; contraindicated with personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and headache are the most common adverse reactions. Labelled warnings include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, hypoglycaemia with insulin secretagogues, acute kidney injury, and suicidal ideation, for which monitoring is advised.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
This is a source-backed summary, not a recommendation. Read the mechanism, pharmacokinetic, human-evidence and reported-effect fields separately: a mechanism is not an outcome. Availability, legal status and product quality differ by jurisdiction; consult a qualified clinician.
CURATED SOURCES · 3